ISO model.<\/a>
\nEvery Ethernet connection on the internet must have a unique ip address that consists of 4 sets of 3 numbers.\u00c2\u00a0 Each individual set can reach a max of 254.
\nthese are valid IP addresses:<\/p>\n4.2.2.2
\n173.34.133.45
\n245.249.8.244
\n10.0.0.1
\n192.168.1.1<\/p>\n
The IP information that is required to make a connection to the internet are as follows:
\nIP address
\nsubnet mask
\ndefault router or gateway
\nDomain names server(s) (DNS)<\/p>\n
The subnet mask determines how large or small the relevant network is.\u00c2\u00a0 99% of all Local Area Networks (LAN’) that we will work with will have a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, or what is referred to as a “class C”\u00c2\u00a0 A “class B” network will have a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 and have the ability to contain 254×254 machines.\u00c2\u00a0 A “class A” network will have a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0<\/p>\n
What a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 means is that their can be a max of 254 machines on that specific network.<\/p>\n
Default router or Gateway, is the address of the ethernet adapter that the machine has to go through in order to get out to the internet.\u00c2\u00a0 90% of the time the default router is the same as the IP address, but with a 1 in the last octet.
\nexample
\nip address 192.168.1.100
\nsubnetmask 255.255.255.0
\ngateway 192.168.1.1<\/p>\n
The DNS servers tell the computer what the IP address of a website is.\u00c2\u00a0 For example a DNS server will tell you that google.com is at IP address 64.233.187.99.\u00c2\u00a0 So with out the DNS servers set properly the computer will not be able to resolve domain names into IP addresses.<\/p>\n
Here is an example of an internet routable IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS for a machine that is currently on the internet.<\/p>\n
ip addy: 216.174.121.58
\ngateway: 216.174.121.57
\nsubnet: 255.255.255.248
\ndns1: 12.127.16.67
\ndns2: 12.127.17.71<\/p>\n
Most likely all of the machines that we deal with will have what are called NON-ROUTABLE IP addresses.\u00c2\u00a0 Or address that are not available to from the internet.\u00c2\u00a0 These address are what are used in almost all Local Area Networks (LAN’s).\u00c2\u00a0 The following is a list of non-routable IP addresses (where ‘x’ is any number up to 255):<\/p>\n
10.x.x.x
\n192.168.x.x
\n127.x.x.x<\/p>\n
So when ever you see an IP address that is like the ones listed above you will know you are dealing with a LAN.<\/p>\n
When dealing with LAN’s and NON-ROUTABLE IP’s their is a protocol called Network Address Translation (NAT).\u00c2\u00a0 This translates a single internet routable IP address into a shared connection for those within the LAN to connect through in order to access the internet.<\/p>\n
These addresses are assigned automatically to local computers by a service called Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).\u00c2\u00a0 This assigns an IP address, a subnet mask, a gateway, and DNS servers to a machines that are on the LAN and make a request as a lease for a specified amount of time between a few hours and a week or more.<\/p>\n
As an example, The average linksys wireless router or Airport Base Station performs all of these function right out of the box, but as they malfunction it is important to know how to work around them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The DNS servers tell the computer what the IP address of a website is. For example a DNS server will tell you that google.com is at IP address 64.233.187.99. So with out the DNS servers set properly the computer will not be able to resolve domain names into IP addresses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":178,"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions\/178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joenyc.com\/word\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}